Author: Margaret Ogbonnah Introduction A data breach is an accidental or unlawful incident that exposes confidential or protected information which results in the loss or theft of customers’ bank accounts or credit card details, personal health information, passwords or email. Data breaches are every organization’s worst nightmare. They do not only result in the loss of goodwill of an organization…

By Jeremiah E. Aneji (LLB, B.L, MDRPN) INTRODUCTION When considering employment, the topmost concern for any worker is whether they will be safeguarded or assured some form of protection in case of exposure to occupational hazards. Such hazards can incapacitate them or, in tragic cases, lead to their demise. The 2016 report on Nigeria’s Occupational Safety and Health (OSH) profile…

By Michael K. Bielonwu, MCIArb. Introduction: Competition law, otherwise known as Antitrust laws plays a vital role in ensuring fair competition in markets and preventing monopolistic practices that can harm consumers and stifle innovation. Rooted in the belief that competition drives economic growth and benefits society at large, antitrust regulations aim to protect consumers, promote market efficiency, and maintain a…

By Jeremiah E. Aneji (LLB, B.L, MDRPN) INTRODUCTION The International Labour Organization (ILO) in its 2016 report on Nigeria’s profile Occupational Safety And Health (OSH) reported that between 2014 to 2016, Nigeria recorded 238 fatalities across different sectors of the economy resulting from occupational hazards. Within the time in view, about a total number of 3461 reported occupational accidents/injuries across…

Author: Margaret Ogbonnah Introduction: Data protection is the process of safeguarding important information from corruption, compromise or loss. Data Protection is necessary for every individual, business firm, or organization because it improves the trust between businesses and their customers. It also prevents the company from incurring expensive costs in forms of fines, litigation expenses, public embarrassment, and a bad reputation.…

Author: Margaret Ogbonnah Introduction: In Insurance, a claim is a request made to an insurance company by an insured individual or corporate entity for payment or compensation of a loss or damage covered by the insurance policy. The claim is made following the occurrence of a covered incident. The payment received by the insured individual will compensate for financial damages…

By Jeremiah E. Aneji Introduction The Electricity Act 2023, which was recently passed into law has been lauded by many as the re-affirmation of Nigeria’s drive towards attaining some measure of reform geared toward solving the perennial energy challenges she has been bedeviled with. The Act which repealed the erstwhile Electricity Reform Act of 2005, was enacted in keeping with…

By Jeremiah E. Aneji Introduction The Students Loans (Access to Higher Education) Act, 2023 recently assented to by the President of the Federal Republic of Nigeria has elicited so much excitement within the polity, primarily amongst students and their parents/guardians as they eagerly anticipate such a time when this timely intervention would be implemented so as to drive aspirations for…

Author: Margaret Ogbonnah. Introduction The Companies and Allied Matters Act (CAMA) 2020 regulates the activities of businesses in Nigeria. The enactment of CAMA 2020 which was assented to by the President on 7th August 2020 repealed CAMA 1990 which has regulated business activities in Nigeria for over 30 years. This has ushered in a new regime for the activities of…

Author: Margaret Ogbonnah Introduction Industrial Designs establish the language of a product as well as the corporate branding and identity of an enterprise. This article seeks to explain the concept of industrial designs, the requirements for its protection in Nigeria and the benefits of protection to the rights holder, the consumers and the economy. Conceptual clarification. Industrial design is a…

By Omatseyin Fredrick Esq.   Introduction. A very concise and explicit definition of cartels was given by the Competition Act of India, which defines cartels as ‘an association of producers, sellers, distributors, traders or service providers who, by agreement amongst themselves, limit, control or attempt to control the production, distribution, sale or price of or, trade in goods or provision…

By Omatseyin Fredrick Esq.   Introduction Competition in the Nigerian telecommunications industry is governed essentially by the Nigerian Communications Act 2003 and the Competition Practices Regulations (‘Competition Regulations’) issued by the Nigerian Communications Commission (‘NCC’) in 2007.¹ By Sec. 4(d) of the NCA, the NCC has the responsibility for promoting fair competition in the communications industry and protecting communications services…

By: Jeremiah E. Aneji   Introduction Nigerians can attest that the 2023 general elections have been one of the most fiercely contested in recent history. This is evidenced by the massive voter participation at every stage of the electioneering process. For many, the 2023 general elections present an opportunity for the long-desired change the country has been yearning for. At…

Author: Margaret Ogbonnah.   Introduction Copyright is a form of intellectual property. It has been defined by Black’s Law Dictionary, 9th Edition as a right granted to the author or originator of certain literary or artistic productions, whereby the creator is invested, for a limited period, with the sole and exclusive privilege of multiplying copies of the literary or artistic…

  Author; Margaret Ogbonnah   Introduction Patent is an exclusive right granted for an invention for a maximum period of 20 years from the date of filing of the patent application. The right granted to the patentee prevents others from using the invention during the period granted. Inventions like every other type of intellectual property are intangible in nature, therefore…

Author: Margaret Ogbonnah   Introduction Trademark in modern times has assumed greater significance as a branch of intellectual property law. It guarantees rights over goods and services of a manufacturer as against unfair imitation by other persons. Put at its simplest, a trademark is some type of sign which distinguishes the product or service of one manufacturer or service provider…

BY Michael Kama Bielonwu Omatseyin Fredrick Jerimiah Aneji Margaret Ogbonnah Introduction The ordeal, humiliation, and dehumanizing treatments that patients go through at the hands of caregivers, particularly Doctors, and Nurses in our hospitals are unethical, unlawful, as they are unacceptable. Health/Patient Rights Violations, Medical Negligence, and Medical Malpractices are cankerworms that have eaten deep into the fabric of our healthcare…

Author; Jeremiah Aneji   Introduction Mergers & Acquisitions are corporate restructuring tools that enhances several interests which primarily centers on consolidating on the means of production, capturing larger market shares to increase competitiveness within a given market or sector of the economy. While this is admirable, public policy always takes into consideration the aftermath of these kinds of transaction on…

Author; Margaret Ogbonnah   Introduction The invention of the internet technology marked a remarkable turn- around in the life of citizens of the world. The Internet has facilitated global business and social interactions. It has indeed turned the world to a global village. It has greatly contributed in enhancing communication and interaction between people irrespective of their location in the globe. However, rather than…

By: Margaret Ogbonnah Esq. Introduction The Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN), as part of its statutory obligations, is charged with the responsibility of ensuring Monetary and Price Stability in Nigeria. To effectively carry out this mandate, the CBN from time to time formulates and monitor the effective implementation of monitory policies in order to ensure sanity in the financial system.…

By Jeremiah E. Aneji Esq. MIDRP Introduction Corporate Merger and Acquisition are viable tools of corporate expansion and stability. It has also aided the survival of several businesses by providing the much-needed resources and manpower to weather tough and unpredictable business terrains. For a merger or an acquisition to attain its desired results, several factors are to be put in…

By Omatseyin Fredrick Esq. LL.M Investment Law and Policy. Introduction. Financial institutions require security as collateral before granting loans to borrowers. Securities are collaterals in form of assets or property offered or pledged by individuals or corporate entities for the issuance of a loan from a bank and when the borrower fails to repay the loan, the bank can take…

By Uroko Luke Agada Esq. FIPMA, Notary Pubic   INTRODUCTION: The Nigeria mining sector continues to draw increasing investor interests, particularly foreign, resulting from its evident role as a viable alternative to the country’s oil-based economy. It therefore becomes imperative to understand the basic legal framework governing the sector.  In doing so, this paper seeks to do a general overview of…

By: Michael K. Bielonwu Esq., MCIArb., FIDR. Introduction: Sports law generally refers to the body of laws, rules, and regulations guiding a particular sport. This transcends the actual sporting activities to life outside the sporting arena. Therefore, in this series, we shall look at how the law has evolved over the years as it concerns football, either on or off…

By Omatseyin Fredrick Esq. The Nigerian energy supply crisis refers to the present failure of the Nigerian power sector to provide adequate electricity supply to meet both domestic and industrial needs sufficient to support a rapidly growing economy like ours. Currently, only 45% of Nigeria’s population is connected to the national grid and due to this reason, a large percentage of…

By Margaret Ogbonnah. INTRODUCTION Cybercrimes is an illegal activity carried out over the internet which targets the security of computer systems and the data processed by them. A lot of people in the world, mostly Nigerians have limited knowledge of the crime occurring in cyberspace, known as cybercrime. Cybercrime happens in the world of computers and the Internet. This kind of crime has a…

By Uroko L. Agada Esq., FIPMA, NOTARY PUBLIC INTRODUCTION The doctrine of Respondeat Superior is a fixative responsibility doctrine. It fixes the responsibility of a fault or damage on another due to the special relationship that exist between them or that the parties maintain, like employer/employee, parent/child, husband/wife and so on. It is used interchangeably with vicarious liability and for the purpose of this…

By Jeremiah E. Aneji Introduction Merger & Acquisition describes businesses’ strategies to give them a competitive edge over rivals, increasing the prospects for multidimensional expansions as far as state antitrust laws will allow.¹ It is that part of corporate reengineering that focuses on the buying, selling and consolidation of companies². It is a veritable source of business expansion in any thriving economy and…

By Michael K. Bielonwu Esq. MCIArb, FIDR Agada, U. Luke Esq. FIPMA, Notary Public Omatseyin, O. Fredrick Esq (LLM), MSCGN, MCILRM Jeremiah E. Aneji Esq. MIDR Margaret E. Ogbonnah 1.0 INTRODUCTION The campaign for consumer rights in Nigeria has become imperative. This is so because Nigerian consumers have suffered a great deal at the hands of Vendors, Suppliers, and Service…

By: Michael K. Bielonwu Esq., MCIArb., FIDR. Introduction: Sports law generally refers to the body of laws, rules and regulations guiding a particular sport. This transcends the actual sporting activities to life outside the sporting arena. Therefore, in this series, we shall look at how the law has evolved concerning football, both on and off the pitch. History of football: Under this sub,…

BY MARGARET EZEKIEL OGBONNAH ABSTRACT Nigeria is only taking advantage of a fraction of the limitless potential in the present global digital economy. Therefore, Nigeria needs substantial strategic investments in this area to catch up with the rest of the world. Consequently, I believe that with improvements in digital connectivity, digital skills, digital financial services and other core areas of digital development in Nigeria,…

BY OMATSEYIN FREDRICK Esq. LLM (Investment Law and Policy), MSCGN, MCILRM, PMP Introduction: After years of going around in a circle in a bid to enact a codified Competition Law for Nigeria, Nigeria finally had a breakthrough with the enactment of the Federal Competition and Consumer Protection Act (FCCPA) by the National Assembly in December 2018 and subsequently signed into law by President Muhammadu…

By Jeremiah E. Aneji Introduction Nigeria has, over the years, suffered multiple setbacks in her industrialisation drive leading to a record high unemployment, near absence of manufacturing activities, inflations and a devaluation of the Naira. Several factors are responsible for these setbacks, one of which is the absence of a conducive environment to encourage Medium Enterprises (SMEs). According to a…

By Michael K. Bielonwu Esq.,MCIArb, FIDR. Agada, U. Luke Esq. FIPMA; Notary Public. Fredrick O. Omatseyin Jeremiah E. Aneji Margaret E. Ogbonnah ABSTRACT: Sexual harassment if not curtailed in any society will lead to sexual violence. Sexual violence is an age-old global phenomenon, which occurs in every human society. It has become an “equal opportunity affliction”, sparing no race, gender,…

Author: Margaret Ogbonnah INTRODUCTION It is common knowledge that banks owe their customers duty of confidentiality. This means that the details of the bank account and the customer will not be revealed or divulged to a third party, and transactions conducted through the bank account must be kept private from unauthorised persons. This confidentiality rule forms the bedrock of modern banking practice. With this…

By: Michael K. Bielonwu Esq., MCIArb., FIDR. U. L. Agada, Esq. Fredrick O. Omatseyin Esq. Jeremiah E. Aneji Esq. Margaret E. Ogbonnah, Esq. Introduction: In Nigeria, debt recovery has always been an issue of concern for businesses, especially those in the financial sector, like banks and other money lenders, as it is increasingly becoming difficult to recover a debt owed using the…

By Michael K. Bielonwu Esq., MCIArb., FIDR. Abstract: The final stage of every dispute is the enforcement of the outcome obtained from the dispute resolution body so that any bottleneck to the enforcement of such judgment or resolution leads to a situation where it can be said that the entire process has been a complete waste of every body’s time…

By Jeremiah E. Aneji. INTRODUCTION The Nigerian justice system recognizes the rights of individuals to register formal complaints to relevant authorities when an offense has been committed against his/her person or property. It also recognizes the civic duties and obligations to report the commission of a crime to the appropriate authorities even when one is not the victim or object of the said offence.…

By Omatseyin Fredrick Esq. Introduction Securities litigation in Nigeria generally entails disputes between capital market operators, investors and clearing agencies, the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC, a federal government agency), and investors, etc.; disputes arising from the administration, management and operation of investment schemes relating to securities transaction(s). When a party files a complaint at SEC against an operator for any securities transaction, the complaint…

By Margaret Ezekiel Ogbonnah INTRODUCTION The area of law known as “Estate Administration” is primarily concerned with legal rights and responsibilities that arise after death. The property of the deceased, both real and personal, passes to the Administrator upon his appointment by the court to the extent it passes to an Executor. Still, in the interval between the death of…

By Fredrick O. Omatseyi, Esq. Jeremiah E. Aneji. Esq. Margaret E. Ogbonna INTRODUCTION Partnership as a concept has relevance across all spectrums of society. It would feature prominently in business/commercial transactions with several testaments in the success stories of leading enterprises and successful ventures. It entails collaboration between two or more persons or between businesses and government entities to prosecute…

By Michael K. Bielonwu Esq., MCIArb., FIDR Abstract: Many developing economies and even advanced systems have all continued to use Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) to grow their economies as it has become apparent in the present era of globalisation that no one country can do it all alone. Foreign Direct Investment, or FDI for short, is a purchase of an…

By Michael K. Bielonwu, MCIArb. (UK), FIDR Fredrick O. Omatseyin Esq. Jeremiah E. Aneji Esq. Margaret E. Ogbonnah 1.0. Introduction The infrastructural needs in Nigeria are pretty enormous. The Nigerian Government, over the years, has tried without success to meet these needs. Even when efforts are made to embark on a capital project that can impact lives and ease the burden on its…

By Margaret Ezekiel Ogbonna ABSTRACT The Judiciary is the arm of government saddled with the responsibility of interpreting and applying the law to deliver justice in society. In essence, the thrust of the Judiciary is to do justice. Therefore, by its very nature, the Judiciary is the last line of defence and hope in a democratic society. It is the…

By:Michael K. Bielonwu, MCIArb. (UK),Fredrick O. Omatseyin Esq.,Jeremiah E. Aneji Esq.,Margaret E. Ogbonnah.   Abstract:This article examines the appellate system of the Nigerian judiciary vis-à-vis what is obtainable in the United States of America and the United Kingdom.While the article is not intended to be a comprehensive comparative study of the three systems, it will look at the differences between…

By Omatseyin, O. Fredrick Esq. 1.1 Introduction In Nigeria, the issue of fake and substandard products has received quite a level of attention from the government and various interest groups. The problem, which cuts across various product fields, including food and drugs, is also evident in service delivery. Most often, consumers find themselves saddled with shoddy services or even non-performance…

BY Jeremiah E. Aneji Nigeria has had its fair share of the economic downturn in recent years. The worse of which were the recessions of 2016 and 2020. To salvage the situation, the Government has constantly latched on to foreign and local loans to fund its budget deficits and implement its infrastructural development programmes. This budgetary deficit has recently measured up to 25% per…